#1. iceplayr is correct, except that both engines use fuel/air/ and ignition, different types , but both use them.
#2 oklatom can't even read, you asked if one could CHANGE a gas engine to take/use/burn diesel fuel, not replace a gas engine with a diesel engine, Of course you can.
#3 Can you change a gas engine to use diesel fuel, again, yes.
Oldsmobile did it years ago, didn't work so well. Besides the fuel systems, the stresses in a diesel engine are way higher, compression ratio, torque,etc. The Olds eng. was a 350cid converted to diesel fuel by change the heads and intake , but because of the for mentioned stresses the "X" blocked was changed to a "D" block. Think that "D" might have meant Diesel?
All in all, good question!