There may be a problem. A leak in the case at the post. Or maybe the charging voltage is too high, and boiling electrolyte (battery acid) out. You have electrolyte on the top of your battery.
Baking soda is ok for cleaning the terminal on the end of the cable (removed from the battery), but you don't want it on the battery. If it gets inside a cell it will make a problem.
Also, a wet battery top conducts electricity, and may make an unwanted load on the battery when the battery energy is reduced in cold weather.
I would wash the battery off with plain water. Best is if you take the battery out of the car, for the first cleaning, because you'll rinse acid all over the area of the battery (car body, sheet metal).
Put some (about 1/2 inch) baking soda in a cup and cover with water. It needs to be liquidy, not pasty. Stick the terminal into the cup and stir it around. You'll see it bubbling/fizzing. If it stops reacting, dump the old stuff and put more and fresh water. Keep doing this until it stops reacting, and let it sit there for 5 minutes. Then rinse the terminal with fresh water until all the baking soda is off the terminal.
Put some fresh baking soda and water on the battery tray for a few minutes. Then rinse it off. Reinstall the battery. I put those red/green felt washers on the posts. They seem to help a little bit. The red one on the positive (+) post. Make sure you have a battery hold-down clamp and it's in solid condition. A loose battery can make trouble.
After everything is clean, keep an eye on the battery top. If it gets wet with electrolyte quickly, something is wrong. Rinse it off with a hose regularly.
Some people put vaseline or grease or dielectric grease on the post and terminal. I'm not sure if it helps or not.
It's corrosion or oxidation. Erosion is something else. Don't pour cola on it. That's sugar and doesn't need to be there. If your thin battery terminal seems weak, get a new one. After your style clamps corrode for a while, they crack. Then the terminal is loose. Either the car won't start, or it will make sparks (arc) and can cause the battery to explode.
Your battery looks like an Interstate brand. You can call their customer service and ask them what they recommend to clean the battery, or keep it clean. They used to have a little book that explained about battery use and care, but they may not have it any more.
1-888-772-3600
https://m.interstatebatteries.com/static/customer_service